Dynamics of Photoinduced Orientation of Nonpolar Azobenzene Groups in Polymer Films. Characterization of the Cis Isomers by Visible and FTIR Spectroscopies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To better characterize the cis state and the reorientation processes in polymers containing azobenzene groups, the in situ dynamics of photoinduced orientation of a polymer with azobenzene groups bearing no donor and acceptor substituents such as poly[4-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]azobenzene] polymer (pMEA) was carried out using real-time UV−vis and infrared spectroscopies. Thin films of pMEA were irradiated at 488 nm with either linearly or circularly polarized light ( I pump = 10 mW/cm 2 ). The different mechanisms occurring during the photoisomerization cycles were revealed by following the time dependence of the normalized average absorbance ( T 0 ) and the normalized linear dichroism ( T 2 ) during the orientation (laser on) and relaxation (laser off) periods. Therefore, the normalized average absorbance has allowed an estimation of the cis isomer fraction ( f cis ) at the photostationary state. The photoisomerization is more efficient when the film is irradiated using a circularly polarized light ( f cis = 0.15) than using linearly polarized light ( f cis = 0.11). The cis state has been characterized for the first time in azopolymers by infrared spectroscopy using a band at 1515 cm -1 characteristic of the cis isomers. The time dependence of the intensity of this band during the relaxation period has shown that the cis state is very stable and has a lifetime of about 12 h. Finally, a significant dichroism of the trans and cis isomers has been observed when the films were irradiated with a linearly polarized light.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".