Neonatal maternal separation enhances dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression levels in carotid body of rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adult male (but not female) rats previously subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) are hypertensive and show a significant increase (25%) in their hypoxic ventilatory response. To begin investigating the mechanisms involved in this gender-specific disruption in cardiorespiratory regulation, we tested the hypothesis that NMS alters the expression of dopamine D(2)-receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in 3 peripheral organs involved in cardio respiratory regulation: the carotid bodies, superior cervical ganglia, and adrenals. Pups subjected to NMS were placed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled incubator 3 h per day for 10 consecutive days (P3-P12). Control pups were undisturbed. Once they reached adulthood (8-10 weeks), male and female rats were anesthetised. The carotid bodies, superior cervical ganglia, and adrenals were harvested for semi-quantitative analyses of dopamine D(2)-receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (carotid bodies only) and Northern blot. In the carotid bodies, comparison of densitometric analyses showed that NMS enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in male, but not female, rats. Neonatal maternal separation increased dopamine D(2)-receptor mRNA expression also, but the effect was not gender specific. No changes in mRNA expression related to dopaminergic neurotransmission were observed in superior cervical ganglia or the adrenals. These results indicate that subsequent mechanistic investigations should focus on the carotid bodies, as enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission within this organ likely contributes to the gender-specific effects of NMS on cardiorespiratory regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".