Effects of Vitamin E and l-Arginine on Cardiopulmonary Function and Ascites Parameters in Broiler Chickens Reared Under Subnormal Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of arginine (Arg) and vitamin E (VE) on ascites (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) parameters, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and cardiopulmonary performance after an acute challenge with epinephrine (Epi). One-day-old male broilers (n = 100) were fed a commercial corn-soybean meal-based diet meeting NRC (1994) requirements, including 1.2% Arg and 40 IU of VE/kg. In experiment 1, birds were provided tap water (control), water with 0.3% Arg (HArg), water with 400 IU of VE/L (HVE), or a combination of both compounds (Arg-VE). In experiment 2, the treatment groups were similar but the VE was incorporated in the diet (400 IU/ kg of feed). At d 18, temperature was reduced to amplify the incidence of pulmonary hypertension. Body weight and hematocrit were recorded weekly. From d 28 to 42, cardiopulmonary performance was evaluated in clinically healthy, anesthetized birds (n = 7 to 8/treatment). A pulmonary artery and a systemic artery were cannulated, the birds were allowed to stabilize for 10 min (basal), an i.v. injection of Epi was applied (1 or 0.5 mg/kg of BW, experiment 1 and 2, respectively), and a second dose was applied 20 min later. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously and data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. The NOS activity was estimated through the conversion of 14C-Arginine to 14C-citrulline in isolated pulmonary arteries. Right/total ventricular weight ratio (RV/TV) was recorded at the end of the experiment. Body weight, RV/TV, and hematocrit values were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. The PAP increased (P < 0.01) within 30 s after Epi in all treatments, except the HArg treatment in experiment 2. Overall, the time taken for PAP to return to basal levels was longer in the Arg-VE birds and shorter in the HArg birds, particularly after the second challenge. However, although NOS activity was highly variable, birds fed HArg tended to have the lowest NOS activity of all groups. The levels of VE supplementation used in these experiments did not improve cardiopulmonary performance or NOS activity in isolated pulmonary arteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".