Effect of microwave temperature, intensity and moisture content on solubilisation of organic fraction of municipal solid waste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High temperature and pressure microwave (MW) pre-treatment of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) enhanced solubilisation prior to Anaerobic Digestion (AD). Three temperatures (175°C, 145°C and 115°C), three MW intensities based on temperature ramp times (20, 40 and 60 minutes) and two Supplemental Water Additions (SWA) of 20% and 30% were evaluated. MW irradiation resulted in higher concentrations of soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (sCOD), proteins and sugars in the supernatant phase. The highest level of solubilisation was achieved at 175°C and SWA of 30% and resulted in 1.61, 1.62 and 1.58 times higher sCOD concentrations versus controls for MW intensity ramp times of 20, 40, and 60 minutes, respectively. Additionally, for the same conditions, the free liquid volume released from the OFMSW into the supernatant were observed to be 1.39, 1.34 and 1.37 times greater than the control, respectively. Concomitantly, potentially bio-available sCOD available for AD increased more than two fold compared to control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".