Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A normal number is one whose decimal expansion (or expansion to some base other than 10) contains all possible finite configurations of digits roughly with their expected frequencies. More formally, let N(α; b, a, x) = #{1 ≤ n ≤ x: the nth digit in the base-b expansion of α is a} (1) denote the counting function of the occurrences of the digit a (0 ≤ a < b) in the b-ary expansion of the real number α, and define the corresponding limiting frequency δ(α; b, a) = lim x→∞ 1N(α; b, a, x). (2) x The number α is simply normal to the base b if the limit defining δ(α; b, a) exists and equals 1/b for each 0 ≤ a < b. A number is normal to the base b if it is simply normal to each of the bases b, b 2, b 3,.... For instance, it was shown by Champernowne [1] that the number 0.12345678910111213..., formed by concatenating all of the positive integers together into a single decimal, is normal to base 10 (the analogous construction works for any base b ≥ 2),
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it