α-Galactosidase is synthesized in tomato seeds during development and is localized in the protein storage vacuoles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The localization of the enzyme α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) was investigated during its synthesis in developing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust seeds. This enzyme is also present in germinating seeds, where it is involved in the mobilization of carbohydrate reserves during and following seed germination. Subcellular fractionation of developing tomato seeds revealed that there is a cosedimentation between α-galactosidase activity and protein storage vacuoles in a density gradient, which is dependent upon the presence of membranes. A second approach to localizing this enzyme involved the transient transformation of protoplasts from developing tomato seeds. A reporter construct, coding for tomato α-galactosidase, fused N-terminally to the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was used for transient expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a colocalization between the α-galactosidase - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion protein and the α-tonoplast intrinsic protein, and a partial colocalization with the dark intrinsic protein (both vacuolar proteins). These data indicate that the protein storage vacuole is the intracellular location for α-galactosidase in developing tomato seeds.Key words: α-galactosidase, protein storage vacuole, seed development, seed protoplasts, tomato, tonoplast intrinsic protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".