Plasma Lipoprotein Profile in the Male Cynomolgus Monkey under Normal, Hypogonadal, and Combined Androgen Blockade Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In men, orchiectomy (GDX) produces an atherogenic lipid profile, whereas combined androgen blockade (CAB) induces a favorable lipid pattern. To better understand the opposite effects of GDX and CAB on lipid metabolism, we have compared the changes in plasma lipoproteins, mesenteric fat metabolism, as well as serum and intratissular sex steroid concentrations in intact, GDX, and GDX+FLU [GDX male cynomolgus monkeys treated for 3 months with flutamide (FLU)]. Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenediol remained stable after GDX. Serum androstenedione (-40%), testo (-97%), dihydrotestosterone (-89%), androsterone-glucuronide (-75%), and androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol-glucuronide (-80%) levels decreased similarly in both GDX and GDX+FLU animals. Intratissular dihydrotestosterone (-59 to -99%), estradiol (-31 to -53%), and androsterone-glucuronide (-28 to -85%) concentrations also decreased after GDX. GDX induced significant increases in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (+78%) and high-density lipoprotein (+34%) cholesterol as well as in LDL-apoB (+58%) and high-density lipoprotein-apoAI (+32%). In the GDX+FLU group, except for the LDL-apoB that showed a tendency to decrease, lipid and apoprotein parameters remained unchanged compared with baseline values measured in intact animals. It is worth noting that these differences in the lipid profile could not be explained by changes in the metabolism of mesenteric adipose tissue. In summary, in the cynomolgus monkey, GDX and CAB induced opposite effects on the plasma lipoprotein profile. These differences possibly result from differences in the specific activity of the androgens and estrogens derived from adrenal precursors. Such data support the suggestion that androgens and estrogens produced from adrenal precursors in peripheral intracrine tissues could have important, but so-far unsuspected, effects on the homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".