Dimethyl Ether Synthesis with in situ H<sub>2</sub>O Removal in Fixed-Bed Membrane Reactor: Model and Simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential and limits of in situ removal of water under dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis conditions in a fixed-bed membrane reactor were studied numerically. The motivation for in situ H 2 O removal during DME synthesis by means of hydrophilic membranes is to displace the water−gas shift equilibrium to enhance conversion of CO 2 into methanol to improve DME productivity. In CO-rich feeds, methanol yield/selectivity increases/decreases slowly with increasing H 2 O permeance because only small amounts of water are removed from the system. Methanol dehydration is not inhibited by water, and DME selectivity is not improved significantly with increasing H 2 O permeance. When CO is gradually replaced with CO 2, with the increase of H 2 O membrane permeance and H 2 O removal, methanol yield and DME selectivity are favored and the fraction of unconverted methanol is reduced as the dehydration reaction is accelerated due to reduced kinetic inhibition by H 2 O.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".