Large-scale flow structures and stability in shallow flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shallow turbulent flows occurring in wide rivers, estuaries, lakes or coastal regions, as well as the atmosphere, are readily susceptible to transverse disturbances that lead to two-dimensional coherent structures. The shallow jet, the shallow wake, and the shallow mixing layer are examples of such flow patterns. A linear stability analysis incorporating the effects of bottom friction and viscosity is applied to these flows to determine the criteria for absolute and convective instability and for stabilization of the flow. All three flow types exhibit instabilities within the range of natural flows. Three mechanisms for large-scale instability generation, namely topographic forcing, transverse velocity shear, and secondary instabilities of the base flow, are compared to the stability calculations. Based on the results, topographic forcing, and to a lesser extent, transverse shear are expected to have both absolute and convective instabilities; whereas, secondary instabilities of the base flow are expected to generate primarily convective instabilities. The resulting large-scale coherent structures greatly influence the mixing and transport of pollutants and momentum that are released into such flows. Key words: shallow flow, shallow jet, shallow wake, shallow mixing layer, linear stability analysis, bottom friction, Chebyshev polynomial method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".