Realizing equality in the twentieth century: the role of the Supreme Court of Canada in comparative perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article analyzes the equality jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada over the course of the twentieth century and juxtaposes its approach with that of the United States Supreme Court. Prior to the advent of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, the Supreme Court of Canada had no constitutional document like the American Bill of Rights to interpret and apply. Thus, early equality cases do not loom over Canadian constitutional history in the same way as a case such as Plessy v. Ferguson has in the United States. The Charter elevated equality rights to a constitutional level, broadened their measure, and extended their reach. Canadian and U.S. equality jurisprudence have diverged dramatically in the Charter era, for historical reasons, but also because of the rigidity of U.S. equal protection doctrine, the happenstance of which issues have been presented to the court, and the differing levels of political will to support equality-seekers and to implement courtroom victories.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".