An ultra-low-voltage CMOS mixer using switched-transconductance, current-reuse and dynamic-threshold-voltage gain-boosting techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, an architecture for ultra-low-voltage radio-frequency (RF) CMOS mixers is introduced. The structure uses switched-transconductance technique in conjunction with current-reuse and dynamic-threshold-voltage gain-boosting techniques to reduce the required supply voltage and power consumption while providing a high conversion gain. As a proof-of-concept, a 2.5-GHz down-conversion mixer is designed and laid out in a 0.13-µm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation results show that the mixer achieves a conversion gain of 13 dB, double-side-band (DSB) noise figure (NF) of 12.7 dB and input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −3.08 dB while consuming 480 µW from a 0.35-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".