An ultra-low-voltage CMOS mixer using switched-transconductance, current-reuse and dynamic-threshold-voltage gain-boosting techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, an architecture for ultra-low-voltage radio-frequency (RF) CMOS mixers is introduced. The structure uses switched-transconductance technique in conjunction with current-reuse and dynamic-threshold-voltage gain-boosting techniques to reduce the required supply voltage and power consumption while providing a high conversion gain. As a proof-of-concept, a 2.5-GHz down-conversion mixer is designed and laid out in a 0.13-µm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation results show that the mixer achieves a conversion gain of 13 dB, double-side-band (DSB) noise figure (NF) of 12.7 dB and input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −3.08 dB while consuming 480 µW from a 0.35-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".