An inverse photoemission system with large solid angle of detection and adjustable optical bandpass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high-brightness, low energy electron source and dual Geiger–Müller-type isochromat photon detectors are combined to create a versatile new inverse photoemission system. The bandpass of the photon detector can be set to one of the following discrete values: 0.37±0.02, 0.43±0.02, 0.56±0.02, or 0.73±0.04 eV by using ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, or a dimethyl ether/ethanol mixture, respectively, as the detection gas(es). All of the alcohols are self-quenching and do not require the addition of a quench gas. The design of the photon detectors, the electron gun, and the circuits that perform the dead time gating are described in detail. The capabilities of the new system are illustrated using spectra from both metal (Cu) and semiconductor (Si) surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".