Bibliographic record
Abstract
A class of orthogonal frequency division multiplexingcontinuous phase modulation (OFDM-CPM) signals is introduced in which the binary data sequence is mapped to complex symbols using the concept of correlated phase states of a CPM signal. A multiple-symbol-observation receiver is used to decode the received sequence, and an investigation of bit error rate over typical wireless multipath channels with additive white Gaussian noise is presented. The performance of a variety of OFDM-CPM signals is presented and analyzed. Performance is a function of parameter and the observation interval, both of which are at the disposal of the system designer. It is shown that OFDM-CPM is a promising signalling scheme in multipath fading channels. Results for multi- and asymmetric OFDM-CPM signals are also presented. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance of these signals is also presented, and an algorithm to reduce PAPR is proposed that is based on a multi-amplitude CPM constellation. It is shown through numerical simulations that the proposed algorithmreduces the PAPR of a 128-carrier OFDM-CPM signal by more than 4 dB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".