Effect of CO<sub>2</sub> on catalytic hydrotreatment of gas‐oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CO2 on catalytic hydrotreatement of gas‐oil to evaluate the potential of catalytic co‐ hydroprocessing of petroleum fractions with liquid biomass. A total of six experiments were conducted under low (330 °C), mild (345 °C) and severe (360 °C) operating conditions employing straight run gas‐oil as the petroleum fraction feedstock. During three of these experiments CO2 was artificially added to the reaction system to assess its impact on the associated catalytic reactions over a commercial CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst. The dedicated experiments revealed a suspending role of CO2 on hydro‐ desulfurization (HDS), hydro‐denitrogenation (HDN), and saturation reactions, which is attributed to the subsequent hydrogen partial pressure reduction of the reacting system caused by the competitive water gas‐shift and methane reforming reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".