On the differences in the granular architecture and starch structure between pericarp and endosperm wheat starches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the granular organization and structure of transitory starch from wheat pericarp was analyzed and compared to the storage starch from endosperm. Pericarp starch (PS) granules were small and spherical with fuzzy blocklets on the surface. Both starches possessed A‐type crystallinity, but the relative crystallinity and the stability of crystals were higher in PS. Iodine absorption was low in PS, but iodine slightly increased the crystallinity. PS had 14% AAM compared to 33% in endosperm starch (ES). Interestingly, the AAM (fraction II) in PS was branched as judged from the λmax value of the iodine complex, whereas ES contained linear and branched amylose. The amylopectin component (fraction I) in PS and ES mainly showed differences in the internal structure. PS amylopectin had longer chains and fewer A‐chains resulting in a less branched structure compared to ES amylopectin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".