Extraction of PCBs from Transformer Oil and Its Dechlorination Using Visible Light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An investigation into an extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from transformer oil (TO) using different solvents and its dechlorination with visible light was conducted. The extraction experiments showed that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was the preferable solvent for extraction of PCBs from TO, with an average of 88.79% recovery. Multicycle extractions using DMSO led to 87.93, 11.22, and 0.77% PCBs recovery during the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. Optimization studies indicated that for TO with low concentrations of PCBs, a 5-min shaking time, and a DMSO to TO ratio of 6∶1 is optimal. For higher concentrations of PCBs in TO, the optimum conditions were 30 min of shaking time with a DMSO to TO ratio of 6∶1. Furthermore, water aids in the extraction. PCBs were effectively dechlorinated using visible light in conjunction with sodium borohydride, NaBH4, as a reducing agent. The presence of DMSO did not seem to interfere with the dechlorination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".