Vesicouterine fistula presenting with urinary incontinence 30 years after primary Cesarean: Case report and review of the literature
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A vesicouterine fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the uterus. The most common cause is lower segment Cesarean section. Conservative treatment may be applied in some cases, but surgery is the definitive treatment. We present a 55-year-old woman with vesicouterine fistula after primary Cesarean section; she presented with urinary incontinence 30 years later. Methylene blue dye test was performed and drainage of urine dyed with methylene blue through the uterine cervix was observed. Diagnosis was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy was performed and the bladder wall was sutured in a double layer with 2/0 polyglycolic suture. No complications developed and the patient did not suffer from any urinary incontinence afterwards. Vesicouterine fistula should be suspected in cases presenting with urinary incontinence even years after Cesarean section; diagnostic tests and, if necessary, appropriate surgery should be performed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it