Synthesis of Ordered Intermetallic PtBi<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles for Methanol-Tolerant Catalyst in Oxygen Electroreduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ordered intermetallic phase PtBi 2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 4.1 ± 1.7 nm were synthesized at ambient conditions in an aqueous solution by co-reducing H 2 PtCl 6 and Bi(NO 3 ) 3 with NaBH 4 in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. The produced PtBi 2 nanoparticle catalyst, which has some distinguishable properties from Pt or Pt-based disordered catalysts, displays a strong electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction with a methanol-tolerant property. The methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry, were employed for catalyst structure and activity characterization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".