Phagotrophy in chlorarachniophyte algae: implications for eukaryotic genome evolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chlorarachniophytes are a group of marine amoeboflagellate algae that acquired photosynthesis by secondary endosymbiosis. Together with cryptomonad algae, the chlorarachniophytes are unusual in that they have retained the nucleus of their eukaryotic endosymbiont. The host component of chlorarachniophyte cells is derived from a member of the Cercozoa while the chlorarachnion endosymbiont is green algal in origin. In addition to being able to photosynthesize, chlorarachniophytes have been shown to ingest other algae and bacteria, although the exact nature of engulfment, and the frequency with which this occurs in nature is unknown. Here, I present a light micrographic study of phagotrophy in three chlorarachniophytes, Chlorarachnion reptans, Lotharella sp. 240 and Gymnochlora stellata. These organisms readily ingest a wide variety of algae, including cryptomonads, haptophytes and green algae. The mechanism of capture and ingestion involves adhesion to, fusion with, and digestion within the pseudopodia formed by chlorarachniophyte cells. The implications of phagotrophy on the chlorarachniophyte nuclear genome are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".