Characteristics of a Three-Dimensional Square Jet in the Vicinity of a Free Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The characteristics of a turbulent jet issuing from a square cross section nozzle in the vicinity of a free surface are presented. Two-component laser Doppler measurements were obtained at eight stations downstream of the nozzle exit, up to a distance of 27 nozzle widths. The Reynolds number based on the exit condition was 40,000. The proximity of the free surface influence the turbulence levels in the jet. Both confinement effects and axis switching influence the evolution of the velocity profiles downstream of the nozzle. The shear stress profiles indicate the formation of a wider mixing zone in the bottom portion of the jet in regions closer to the nozzle exit. Through quadrant decomposition, ejection, and entraining type events were identified. The magnitudes of the peak shear stress in the various quadrants indicate differences in the turbulence characteristics on the top and bottom portions of the jet. As distinguished in the extreme event plots, there are differences in the magnitudes of the peaks and also in their locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".