Water ion adsorption dominates charging at nonpolar polymer surfaces in multivalent electrolytes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We systematically applied microslit electrokinetic experiments to explore the role of various electrolytes (KCl, CaCl(2), K(2)SO(4) and LaCl(3)) in the pH dependent charging of nonpolar poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole) (Teflon(R) AF) thin films. The results impressively reveal the dominating role of hydroxide and hydronium ions for the charging of water/hydrophobic wall interfaces even in the presence multivalent electrolyte ions. In any system the charging primarily reflected the preferential adsorption of hydroxide over hydronium ions while the electrolyte ions were concluded to determine the magnitude of the surface charge according to their hydration characteristics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it