A generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii model for characterizing the hysteresis and saturation nonlinearities of smart actuators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smart actuators, such as shape memory alloy (SMA) and magnetostrictive actuators, exhibit saturation nonlinearity and hysteresis that may be symmetric or asymmetric.The Prandtl-Ishlinskii model employing classical play operators has been used to describe the hysteresis properties of smart actuators that are symmetric in nature.In this study, the application of a generalized play operator capable of characterizing symmetric as well as asymmetric hysteresis properties with output saturation is explored in formulating a generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model.The generalized play operator employs different envelope functions under increasing and decreasing inputs to describe asymmetric and saturated output-input hysteresis loops.The validity of the proposed generalized model to characterize symmetric and asymmetric hysteresis properties is demonstrated by comparing the model responses with the measured major and minor hysteresis loops of three different types of actuator, namely SMA, magnetostrictive, and piezoceramic actuators.The simulation results suggest that the proposed generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model can be directly applied for modeling the hysteresis loops of different smart actuators together with the output saturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".