Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Os odontoideum is an independent ossicle of variable size with smooth circumferential cortical margins separated from the foreshortened odontoid peg. The etiology of os odontoideum remains controversial, but there is now emerging consensus on the traumatic etiology of os odontoideum rather than a congenital source. RESULTS: We reviewed the literature of os odontoideum. Patients with this condition can be asymptomatic or present with wide range of neurological dysfunctions. Although the diagnosis of os odontoideum can be made with plain x-rays, further imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography have improved the preoperative planning. CONCLUSION: There is a role for conservative treatment of an asymptomatic incidentally found, radiologically stable, and noncompressive os odontoideum. Conversely, surgery has a definite role in symptomatic cases. The main method of surgical treatment today is posterior decompression after reduction and fusion via independent C1 and C2 instrumentation. Irreducible, persistent anterior compression from os odontoideum can be approached by a transoral route with good results in experienced hands.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".