A Suitable Criterion for Precise Determination of Incipient Necking in Sheet Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forming limit diagram (FLD) is a measure of the formability of a sheet material. The major-minor strain pairs that are closest to the neck on multiple specimens of various strain paths are utilized to construct a boundary between safe and unsafe zones. The challenge to obtain the FLD is the determination of incipient necking. Three approaches to determine the limit strains have been investigated and compared in this research in order to establish the optimal one for implementation: (1) commonly used Bragard criterion ( 1)e Br with periodic grids; (2) tracking the region of large local strains from strain history to locate the instance when critical major strain ( 1)e cr happens; (3) post-processing of strain history to locate the inflection in the major strain rate curve 1 max (e&&) at the onset of localization. The last criterion of inflection in strain rate 1 max (e&&) carries both a numerical and a physical meaning towards developing an understanding of flow localization, formability and fracture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".