Ion Size and Image Effect on Electrokinetic Flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrokinetic phenomena play a major role in microfluidic systems, and such a role becomes even more significant in nanofluidic systems due to the increase of the surface-to-volume ratio. Description of the electric double layer (EDL) at a solid-liquid interface is the key to understand and utilize electrokinetic phenomena. However, the traditional Gouy-Chapman (GC) theory for the EDL, which has been successfully used in many microfluidic applications, does not include some important characteristics such as ion size and image effect. These characteristics are indeed important in nanofluidics. This paper explores the impacts of ion size and the image effect on micro- and nanoscale electrokinetic flows. An advanced theory, the modified Poisson-Boltzmann (MPB) theory proposed by Outhwaite and his co-workers,1,26 is adopted to describe the EDL. Electrokinetic flows in micro- and nanochannels are reinvestigated. The results show that ion size has significant effects on electrokinetic flows in nanosystems in terms of both the flow field and the streaming potential, while the image effect only significantly affects the streaming potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".