Density Functional Molecular Study on the Full Conformational Space of the<i>S</i>-4-(2-Hydroxypropoxy)carbazol Fragment of Carvedilol (1-(9H−Carbazol-4-yloxy)-3- [2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]-2-propanol) in Vacuum and in Different Solvent Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) conformational analysis was carried out on the potential energy hypersurface (PEHS) of the carbazole-containing molecular fragment, S -4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)- carbazol, of the chiral cardiovascular drug molecule carvedilol, (1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)ethylamino]-2-propanol). The PEHS was computed in vacuum, chloroform, ethanol, DMSO, and water at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The carbazole ring system was confirmed to be planar, and the resultant PEHS in vacuum contained 19 converged minima, of which the global minima possessed a conformation with χ 1, χ 2, and χ 3 in the anti position and χ 10 in the g position. Conformer stability for the S -4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol PEHS was influenced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Tomasi PCM reaction-field calculations revealed that the lowest SCF energies, relative conformer energies, and solvation free energies (Δ G solvation ) for the S -4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol PEHS were in protic solvents, ethanol and water, because of the larger hydrogen bond donor values of these solvents, which aid in stabilization of the dipole moment created by the carbazole ring system and the oxygen and nitrogen atoms. However, solvent effects contributed most significantly to the stabilization of S -4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)carbazol conformers that contained no internal hydrogen bonding, whereas solvent effects were not as important for conformers that contained intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".