Electric-field-induced force on a charged spherical colloid embedded in an electrolyte-saturated Brinkman medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When an electric field is applied to an electrolyte-saturated polymer gel immobilizing charged colloidal particles, the force that must be exerted by the hydrogel on each particle reflects a delicate balance of electrical and hydrodynamic stresses. This article adopts a simple boundary-layer analysis to derive a convenient formula for the force in terms of the particle, electrolyte and gel characteristics. Comparisons with numerically exact solutions of the full set of electrokinetic transport equations are presented. These reveal that a fortuitous cancellation of errors leads to reasonably accurate predictions of the force over a much wider range of the parameter space than should be expected. It is noteworthy that, in gels with low permeability, an adverse pressure gradient yields a net force that exceeds the bare electrical force. The analytical theory also provides a convenient formula for the incremental pore mobility, which is a convenient measure of the electro-osmotic pumping capacity of dilute random arrays of charged inclusions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".