Optical sensing for on-chip digital microfluidics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A digital microfluidic architecture is introduced for micron-scale localized fluid actuation and in in-situ optical sensing. Contemporary device integration challenges related to localization and device scalability are overcome through the introduction of a bi-layered digital microfluidic multiplexer. Trinary inputs are applied through differential combinations of voltage signals between upper (column) electrodes and lower (row) electrodes. The ultimate layout provides increased scalability for massively parallel microfluidic actuation applications with a minimal number of inputs. The on-chip sensing technique employed here incorporates a microlens in a folded-cavity arrangement (fabricated by a new voltage-tuned polymer electro-dispensing technique). Such a geometry heightens the sensitivity between the optical probe and fluid refractive properties and allows the device to probe the refractive index of the internal fluid. This optical refractometry sensing technique is merged with the actuation capabilities of the digital microfluidic multiplexer on a single lab-on-a-chip device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".