Whose Rules Rule? Contested Projects to Certify ‘Local Production for Distant Consumers’<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As transnational agrifood supply chains undermine local markets and agroecosystems, farmers everywhere must adapt or find alternative connections to customers. Two projects for global agrifood relations are emerging: from above, led by supermarkets, which enforces standard norms; and an alternative from below, presently led by the Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity, which qualifies products specific to diverse cultural/natural regions. We consider two examples of regional certification: the Cojote Rojo ecolabel which arose in the context of recent expansion of export avocado production in the highlands of Michoacán, Mexico; and Local Food Plus, a regional label designed to promote public institutional purchases as a route to get regional products into markets in Ontario, Canada. We suggest that many experiments in re‐embedding agriculture are emerging in interstices of the dominant system in both North and South. These agrarian social movements are less visible than resistance movements and anticipate a possible future based on global interconnections among diverse farming systems embedded in their cultural and natural contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".