Clinical Outcomes Following the Latarjet Procedure in Contact and Collision Athletes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Although there are several reports of clinical outcomes after the Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability, the literature is sparse for these Latarjet outcomes in the strictly contact or collision-type sport athletes who have significant glenoid deficiency and/or failed previous stabilization surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional results of these contact or collision athletes who underwent a Latarjet for symptomatic instability with glenoid bone loss or failed stabilization surgery, using modern instability outcome measures. Study Design: Case series, Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Sixty-one consecutive contact and/or collision athletes (64 shoulders) treated with an open Latarjet procedure for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with significant glenoid bony deficiency and/or failed prior stabilization were retrospectively identified from two surgeons’ practices. Thirty-nine patients and 42 shoulders (66%) were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 46 months (range: 24-95), whose an average age of surgery of 25.9 years (range: 16-47). Primary outcome measures were the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), American Shoulder and Elbow Society Questionnaire (ASES), Visual Analogue Scale, and return to sporting activity. IRB approval was granted for this study. Results: Thirty-seven of forty-two shoulders (88%) were perceived as stable to these athletes. Two patients experienced subluxation events at 18 and 24 months after their Latarjet procedures. These 2 patients underwent further surgery including an arthroscopic debridement with biceps tenodesis and the other a revision stabilization Eden-Hybinette procedure, performed at 22 and 29 months after their Latarjets, respectively. One additional patient underwent surgery for hardware removal with arthroscopic debridement, with no reports of concomitant instability. Average WOSI and ASES scores for 42 shoulders were 76.5% (range: 6.4-100%, +/- 24.4) and 89.9 (range: 21.7-100, +/- 17.3). The average VAS score was 1.1. Fifty-four percent (21/39) of the athletes returned to their preoperative sports level, 18% (7/39) decreased their activity level in the same sport, 13% (5/39) changed sports and 15% (6/39) decreased level and changed sport, or stopped sports altogether. Conclusion: At a minimum of 2 year follow-up, 72 % of contact/collision athletes returned to their original sport, whereas 28% had to change their sport type after their Latarjet, or stop sporting activities altogether. Failure by subluxation occurred in 4.8% of shoulders (at an average of 21 months); 88% reported their shoulder as feeling stable with average WOSI and ASES scores of 76.5% and 89.9 respectively. In this challenging group of patients, the Latarjet procedure successfully restores stability in 88% of cases; 72% return to their pre-operative sport type.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".