β‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids from Simple Ketones by Carboxylation and Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present a new asymmetric synthesis of β‐hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones, performed by carboxylation using CO2 followed by asymmetric hydrogenation. First, the carboxylation of ketones gives β‐ketocarboxylic acids. The effects of temperature, reaction time, and amount of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) promoter on the carboxylation were investigated. The DBU can be recycled. For the second step, the asymmetric hydrogenation of these β‐ketocarboxylic acids, we determined the effect of solvent choice, H2 pressure, and substrate substitution. Hydrogenation yield and enantioselectivity are solvent‐dependent, and the mechanism could proceed through hydrogenation of either the enol or the keto forms of the bound substrate. This synthesis is industrially advantageous due to the limited number of reactants required, their low‐cost, and the potential for recycling unused materials.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".