Increased Smad1 expression and transcriptional activity enhances trans‐differentiation of hepatic stellate cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smad1 is a receptor-activated intracellular signaling protein, which mediates signal transduction of bone morphogenetic proteins. Current study investigated the expression and transcriptional activity of Smad1 during hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Rat HSCs were isolated from rats at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after gavaged with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) or corn oil. RT-PCR, Western blot, gel-shift assay and luciferase assay were employed to examine Smad1 expression and transcriptional activity, respectively. CCl(4)-cirrhotic liver fat-storing cells-8B (CFSC-8B) cells were infected with recombinant adenoviruses of Smad1 and/or Smad1 shRNA. Both mRNA and protein levels of Smad1 were significantly increased at 48 h after gavage of CCl(4). Gel shift assays demonstrated a significant increase in nuclear Smad1 in day 9 HSCs. Transfection of HSCs with Smad1 responsible luciferase indicated an increase in Smad1 transcriptional activity in day 6 HSCs (1.563 +/- 0.229 in day 6 versus 0.785 +/- 0.192 in day 3). When CFSC-8B cells were infected with adenoviruses with Smad1 or Smad1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), there was an increase or decrease in Smad1 mRNA and protein, respectively. Smooth muscle alpha-actin expression was increased or decreased according to induction or reduction of Smad1. In conclusion, there were significantly increases in Smad1 expression and transcriptional activity during in vivo activation of hepatic stellate cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".