Endothelial Function and Lifestyle Modification in Metabolic Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) are at increased risk for developing hypertension and type2 diabetes mellitus as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Impaired endothelial function (EndFx) has been observed in MS subjects and is suggested to be an early stage in the development of atherosclerosis. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 1-year lifestyle modification (aerobic exercise and a Mediterranean-style diet) on markers of EndFx in MS subjects with high-normal blood pressure and/or impaired glucose regulation. METHODS: These results are from the SNAC (Staged Nutrition and Activity Counseling) study whose purpose was to examine the effects of lifestyle modification (individually customized Mediterranean-style diet with physical activity) on cardiovascular structures and functions in those at increased risk for cardiovascular disease but considered normal. Forty-one subjects [55.1±8.6 yrs, 21 without MS (MS-) and 20 with MS (MS+)] were studied. Prior to, at 6-month, and following the 1-year of SNAC intervention, followings were determined: EndFx (flow-mediated and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation) of the brachial artery and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery by a Doppler ultrasound device, blood-born markers of EndFx [intercellular adhesion molcule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin] by commercially available ELISA kits, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) calculated from fasting insulin and glucose levels, and MS risk factors [triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FG), and waist circumference (Wc)]. RESULTS: At baseline, the flow-mediated dilation was unexpectedly lower in MS- than MS+ (5.27±4.01 vs 6.51±3.22 %, p<0.05). Although the reduction of several MS risk factors (BP, FG, TG, and Wc) and HOMAIR (2.64±1.65 vs 4.17±3.64) were observed in MS+ following the 1-year intervention (all p<0.05), these were not accompanied by the changes in EndFx or intima-media thickness. CONCULSIONS: These results suggest that, although SNAC-based lifestyle modification is effective to reduce clinical MS risk factors in MS+, more intensive and/or targeted treatment appears to be required to improve EndFx in this population. Supported by CIHR and HSFO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".