Genetic diversity, reproductive biology, and speciation in the entomopathogenic fungus<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>(Balsamo) Vuillemin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a mitosporic fungus used for the biological control of many insect species, is recognized as a "species complex" comprising genetically diverse lineages. Being predominantly asexual, mating tests cannot be applied to delimit species in this species complex. Genetic tests offer an indirect means of identifying species among isolates. To this end, molecular genetic analysis of a sample of B. bassiana isolates with 2 subsamples, 1 representing a worldwide collection and another from a localized epizootic population was carried out. DNA markers generated through AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) and SSCPs (single-strand conformation poly morphisms) and nucleotide sequence data of different allelic forms of 3 genes (large and small subunits of rRNA and beta-tubulin) were evaluated. The B. bassiana isolates from the worldwide sample showed 11% overall similarity and no closely clustered groups. Phylogenetic trees generated from the AFLP and SSCP data of this sample resolved the different isolates into distinct phylogenetic lineages. In the epizootic B. bassiana population, prevalence of recombination was evident from random association of alleles in multilocus tests and lack of phylogenetic concordance among 3 gene genealogies. Thus, the worldwide sample of B. bassiana exhibits a predominantly clonal structure, hinting at species divergence leading to cryptic speciation with recombination being customary among isolates sharing a close ecological niche.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".