Microstructure, transport, and acoustic properties of open-cell foam samples: Experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores the applicability of numerical homogenization techniques for analyzing transport properties in real foam samples, mostly open-cell, to understand long-wavelength acoustics of rigid-frame air-saturated porous media on the basis of microstructural parameters. Experimental characterization of porosity and permeability of real foam samples are used to provide the scaling of a polyhedral unit-cell. The Stokes, Laplace, and diffusion-controlled reaction equations are numerically solved in such media by a finite element method in three-dimensions; an estimation of the materials’ transport parameters is derived from these solution fields. The frequency-dependent visco-inertial and thermal response functions governing the long-wavelength acoustic wave propagation in rigid-frame porous materials are then determined from generic approximate but robust models and compared to standing wave tube measurements. With no adjustable constant, the predicted quantities were found to be in acceptable agreement with multi-scale experimental data and further analyzed in light of scanning electron micrograph observations and critical path considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".