Factors Affecting the Common Modulation of Bilateral Motor Unit Discharge in Human Soleus Muscles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the co-modulation of motor unit discharge rate in soleus muscles of both legs during upright standing. Single motor units were recorded from the left and right soleus muscles under three experimental conditions: standing quietly with the eyes open and closed, standing with the eyes closed while vibration was applied to one Achilles tendon, and swaying voluntarily or producing variable low-force isometric contractions at a frequency of 0.05 Hz. Correlations in motor unit discharge rate between left and right soleus motor units were assessed using common drive analysis. The results showed that common drive to motoneurons of the two muscles did not differ between standing with the eyes open or closed, but there was an order effect with the second task having significantly lower common drive than the first. Common drive was also significantly lower when vibration was applied to one leg compared with when no vibration was applied. Common drive was higher as subjects swayed anteriorly as compared with when they swayed posteriorly. There were no significant differences in common drive across phases of the variable isometric force contraction. Common drive was higher during voluntary sway than during variable force production; both of these values were significantly lower than those derived from the quiet standing task. These results suggest that proprioceptive and sub-cortical inputs contribute to the co-modulation of the firing rate of soleus motor unit pairs of the left and right leg during standing posture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".