BUCKLING AND WRINKLING OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL (FGM) THIN FILM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The instability of a functionally graded material (FGM) strip as a free standing film or a substrate-bound film is studied in this work, in which the stiffness of the film is assumed to change exponentially along the length. The buckling load and the buckling mode shapes for the free standing FGM film are determined analytically. For the substrate-bound film, the substrate is modeled as a Winkler foundation and the wrinkling load and wrinkling pattern are determined numerically by using a finite difference method and a series solution. In contrast with the wrinkling of homogenous thin films in which the wrinkles propagate in the entire domain, the wrinkles of the FGM films accumulate around the location with the least bending rigidity. The results of this work show that the sensitivity of the wrinkle accumulation around the weak locations of the system with lower stiffness is very high. This work is expected to provide a better understanding for localization of wrinkles around a region of substrate-bounded thin films in thin film technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".