Time and space scales of bedform evolution in sandy nearshore and inner shelf environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent experiments in wave-forced nearshore and inner shelf environments have demonstrated through acoustic and optical imaging techniques a remarkable range of bedform patterns in mobile sandy sediments at sub-10 m horizontal scales. The observed bedstates differ both in the level of complexity of their spatial patterns, and in the time scales of their response to changes in hydrodynamic forcing conditions. Yet, the (re)occurrence of these different bed states at a given location can be quite repeatable and, once formed, the migration of the bedforms characterizing a particular state can in some instances be predicted reasonably well from the local hydrodynamics. These results provide a basis against which the present capability for predicting bedstate evolution in wave-forced mobile bed environments can be assessed. It is argued that, with the possible exception of a few simple cases, current models are able to predict neither the level of complexity in the observed characteristic patterns, nor the time evolution of the bed given the prior history of the forcing. Nevertheless, the repeatability of bedstate occurrence, and the reasonably good predictions of migration velocity and shear stress at the bed, together suggest that such a predictive capability may be achievable in the not-too-distant future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".