Comparison of Internal and External Mixer Spargers in a Laboratory De‐inking Flotation Column
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Column flotation has been introduced for waste paper de‐inking to take advantage of low capital cost and excellent separation performance. Bubble generation employs a variety of systems, broadly divided into two types: internal and external. An external in‐line static mixer sparger was tested against an internal porous stainless steel sparger. They were compared in an industrial de‐inking facility using a 10 cm diameter column. Operating conditions were defined and the effect of gas rate, retention time, wash water rate, and froth height on de‐inking was investigated. Both spargers gave similar ink recovery and fiber loss as a function of bubble surface area flux. However, the static mixer gave stable operation while the porous sparger showed evidence of plugging over a 6h test. Combined with some ability to control bubble size, overall the in‐line static mixer gave superior performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".