The risk of running on empty: the influence of age on starvation and gut fullness in larval Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments were set up to evaluate whether the response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae to no-prey conditions changes with age. The first experiment was designed to test for age-specific starvation with starvation trials at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 days after hatching. Mortality, length, and swimming activity data were collected. A second experiment was conducted to determine the effect of non-feeding conditions on the residency of prey in the gut at 5, 15, 30, and 45 days after hatching. The results of experiment 1 indicated that mortality occurred most rapidly at 15 and 30 days and was delayed during the yolk-sac period (day 0). Larvae in non-fed treatments showed significantly lower activity levels, except in the 45-day treatment, and the reduction in activity occurred before the onset of mortality. In experiment 2, gut residencies displayed an age-dependent response, with 5- and 45-day-old larvae having significantly shorter residency times. We conclude that beyond the yolk-sac period, cod larvae exhibit an age-dependent trade-off between growth and starvation risk. Larval age also influences patterns of gut fullness over time, with the fastest rates of gut clearance found at first-feeding and metamorphosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".