Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coiled Tubing Fast setup and depth specific capabilities make coiled tubing (CT) the fastest growing technology in the oilfield services sector. Small diameter tubing spooled on a reel make for easy transportation, especially in remote areas. The main driver for CT usage stems from its ability to operate without a rig, which reduces an operator’s time and cost extensively. Because of its flexibility, the use of CT in horizontal and extended reach drilling operations has increased dramatically over the past few years. While CT can achieve efficient results at lower costs in less time, it is not a perfect solution. Small tubing size increases the chances of lockup during intervention. CT also suffers from a reduction in stiffness. In horizontal and highly deviated wells, tubing is exposed to high frictional forces as it is dragged against the wellbore and this can lead to buckling. The extended reach capabilities of CT have been extended by several methods including tractor technology and rollers, which add force at the end of the tubing, pulling it deeper into the hole. Designed in the planning phase, tapered strings can improve the efficiency of an operation, but may limit its use in subsequent intervention projects. Improved friction reduction is one of the key features to ensure against early lockup. Whether done chemically, lubricating the drillstring and the wellbore, or through buoyancy reduction, new technology is achieving results in extended reach CT applications. Horizontal Application The Bakken play in North America covers a 200,000 square mile region from Montana and North Dakota in the United States to southern Saskatchewan in Canada. Second only to Texas in oil production, the play has an estimated ultimate recovery of 24 billion bbl of oil, according to Continental Resources. The company has been active in the North Dakota Bakken since it completed the first commercially successful horizontal well, the Robert Heuer 1-17R, in March 2004. Since 2008, Continental and Sanjel have successfully performed more than 200 CT mill outs in the Bakken with more than 3,000 plugs milled. Traditionally, completion technology has drastically increased the number of fracture stages per well. Early this year, a Bakken record was set of 39 plugs in a single trip while reaching out to 10,024 ft in a lateral. Mill outs in the Bakken routinely reach more than 19,000 ft using downhole water hammer tools (WHT) and different CT string designs. As CT depths approach 20,000 ft, friction reducers are among several other technologies being sought by operators in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".