CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated by<i>Streptococcus suis</i>capsular type 2
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important aetiologic agent of swine meningitis, and it has been highlighted as a cause of occupational disease leading to meningitis and fulminant sepsis in humans. The objective of the present work was to study the ability of S. suis type 2 to induce the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (MCP-1) by human monocytic THP-1 cells. The induction of these five cytokines was dose- and incubation time-dependent, and it was significantly enhanced by pre-treatment of cells with interferon gamma. IL-8 levels were markedly higher compared with those obtained with the other cytokines. However, elevated levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were also observed. Levels of cytokine induced by heat-killed or live bacteria were similar. Pre-treatment of cells with anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies suggested that this important host receptor is partially implicated in TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 production, while CD14-independent pathways seem to be responsible for IL-8 production after S. suis stimulation. In addition, blocking studies with anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 antibodies revealed that these cytokines are involved in amplification of the S. suis-induced cytokine cascade. When several different S. suis strains of human or porcine origin were compared, a very heterogeneous pattern of cytokine production was observed. Human strains did not exhibit a clear tendency to induce higher cytokine release by human THP-1 monocytes. The synergistic effect of the up-regulation of cytokines during S. suis meningitis may mediate many of the inflammatory reactions, including the sequestration of leucocytes at the site of infection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it