The gene for Stargardt disease, ABCA4, is a major retinal gene: a mini-review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gene ABCA4 encodes the rod and cone photoreceptor Rim protein, which is a transmembrane transporter of vitamin A intermediates. ABCA 4 mutations are responsible for a large variety of retinal degenerations including all cases of Stargardt macular dystrophy and fundus flavimaculatus, some forms of cone-rod degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa, and likely increase the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the advances in our understanding of Stargardt disease and the ABCA4 gene from the first description of the disease by Karl Stargardt in 1909 to gene discovery by Allikmets and colleagues in 1997. The knockout mouse model by Mata and co-workers has provided crucial pathophysiological information that has led to new ideas regarding treatment possibilities. These hypotheses were tested by Radu and colleagues in the mouse and shown to be efficacious.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".