Urban Water Futures: A Multivariate Analysis of Population Growth and Climate Change Impacts on Urban Water Demand in the Okanagan Basin, BC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change is expected to have a significant impact on water availability and demand in many regions. In regions where significant population growth is expected additional pressure on water resources will likely result. This paper describes a scenario-based approach to integrating climate change impacts with other drivers for the purpose of bridging the gap between global climate change and local water management adaptation. Scenarios of future residential water demand account for population growth, climate change, housing type and demand side management, and compare these demands to licensed supply. Three case studies within the Okanagan Basin of British Columbia were chosen in order to assess regions of differing aridity, current water use, and community size: the Town of Oliver, City of Penticton and City of Kelowna water utility. In all cases, water demands are projected to increase, exceeding licensed supplies in high growth scenarios. However, these increases can be offset to a large degree by demand management measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".