Infrared reflectance hyperspectral features of Athabasca oil sand ore and froth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The separability of bitumen from oil sand depends on a number of factors. Some of these factors are observable using reflectance spectrometry in the infrared range. Bitumen recovery performance tests were conducted using a Denver cell for water flotation of aerated bitumen froth under a standard set of operating conditions. Hyperspectral measurements were made of ore samples and oil froth. Features associated with bitumen, quartz, and clay were readily visible in samples and in the froth at the surface of the cell. We examine the use of spectral information to predict the bitumen and fines content of ore samples, the relationship of these variables to froth colour, and the possibility of classifying froth types using spectra. Future work will examine these results in the context of oil separation performance. Detailed analysis of mineralogy is proceeding to understand links to performance and froth spectroscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".