A Concept for the Estimation of HETS for Rare Earth Separations in Extraction Columns
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An approach is proposed to estimate the height equivalent to a theoretical stage (HETS) for multicomponent rare earth separations in extraction columns. Based on the steady concentration profiles of rare earths in the two phases along the extraction column height and the separation factor, a graphical diagram is constructed to determine the number of theoretical stages. The ratio of the two component concentrations in the organic phase and the ratio of the two component concentrations in the aqueous phase times the separation factor are plotted against the height of the column. Rectangular steps are drawn between these two lines to determine the number of theoretical stages and thus HETS. The average HETS for Nd/Pr separation was in the range of 0.86-1.06m under tested conditions.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it