A preliminary study of the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture containing bottom ash
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper shows a preliminary study of asphalt mixtures containing bottom ash with a primary focus on the permanent deformation. The objectives of this study are (i) perform literature reviews on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing bottom ash; (ii) evaluate the effects of using bottom ash as the mineral filler for the asphalt mixture through the flow number and dynamic modulus tests; and (iii) use the test results to evaluate the pavement permanent deformation using the Mechanistic–empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) analysis. It was found that the asphalt mixture using bottom ash uses higher asphalt content due to the higher absorption. The replacement with bottom ash in the asphalt mixture generates a lower dynamic modulus as compared to the control mixtures. Additionally, results from MEPDG analysis show mixtures with bottom ash have higher rutting potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".