Flow-induced instability of double-walled carbon nanotubes based on an elastic shell model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are modeled based on Donnell’s shell theory, and flow-induced instability that is induced when pressure-driven fluid goes through the inner tube at a steady flow velocity is studied. The van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the inner and outer walls is taken into account in the modeling. The numerical simulations show that the vdW interaction has significant effects on the flow-induced instability of DWCNTs. The critical flow velocities and loss of stability are closely related to the ratio of the length to the outer radius. Donnell’s shell model for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is preferred in simulations because it takes into account the shear effects in the walls. A comparison between the CNTs that are based on a Eulerian beam model and those that are based on Donnell’s shell model shows that when the 50-nm-radius tube length is shorter than 10 μm, the comparative errors between the Eulerian beam and Donnell’s shell models are greatly increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".