A Fuel Channel Design for CANDU-SCWR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The CANDU®-Supercritical Water Reactor (CANDU-SCWR) is one of the six reactor concepts being considered by the Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) for international collaborative R&D. With SCW coolant, the thermodynamic efficiency is increased to over 40%. The CANDU-SCWR is moderated using heavy water, and it has fuel bundles residing inside horizontal pressure tubes, similar to the current CANDU design. The coolant, however, is light water at 25 MPa, with an inlet temperature of 350°C and an outlet temperature of 625°C. Because of the high temperature and high pressure of the coolant, the standard CANDU pressure tube design cannot be used. This paper presents one of the insulated pressure tube designs being considered for the CANDU-SCWR fuel channels. Unlike current CANDU reactors, the proposed CANDU-SCWR fuel channel does not use calandria tubes to separate the pressure tubes from the moderator. Each pressure tube is in direct contact with the moderator, which operates at an average temperature of about 80°C. The pressure tube is thermally insulated from the hot coolant by a porous ceramic insulator. A perforated metal liner protects the insulator from being damaged by the fuel bundles and erosion by the coolant. The coolant pressure is transmitted through the perforated metal liner and insulator and applied directly to the relatively cold pressure tube. The material selection for each fuel channel component depends on its function. The fuel sheaths and the perforated liner must have high corrosion resistance in SCW, although their resident times are significantly different. The insulator must have high thermal resistance and corrosion resistance in SCW, plus sufficient strength to bear the weight of the fuel bundles without significant thickness reduction during its design life. The pressure tube is the pressure boundary material, so it must have high strength to contain the coolant. One common requirement for all in-core fuel channel components is that they should be as neutron transparent as possible. The irradiation deformation of all these components must also be considered in their design. This paper presents the design of this fuel channel, reviews existing data for materials, indicates where more data are required, and summarizes our plans to obtain these data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".