Lycopene I—Effect on Osteoclasts: Lycopene Inhibits Basal and Parathyroid Hormone-Stimulated Osteoclast Formation and Mineral Resorption Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species in Rat Bone Marrow Cultures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoclasts have been shown to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can stimulate bone resorption. We explored the hypothesis that lycopene, the antioxidant carotenoid from tomatoes, can inhibit mineral resorption by inhibiting osteoclast formation and the production of ROS. Cells from bone marrow prepared from rat femur were plated into 16-well calcium phosphate-coated Osteologic Multi-test Slides and cultured in alpha-minimal essential medium supplemented with dexamethasone, beta-glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid. The cells were treated with varying doses of lycopene in the absence or presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) at the start of culture and at each medium change (i.e., every 48 hours). On day 8, mineral resorption pits were quantitated. Similar, parallel experiments were carried out in 12-well plastic dishes to assess tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Results showed that lycopene inhibited TRAP + formation of multinucleated cells in both vehicle- and PTH-treated cultures. Osteoclasts reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to purple-colored formazan, indicating the presence of ROS in these cells. The formazan-staining cells were decreased by treatment with 10(-5) M lycopene, indicating that lycopene inhibited the formation of ROS-secreting osteoclasts. In conclusion, we have shown that lycopene inhibits basal and PTH-stimulated osteoclastic mineral resorption and formation of TRAP + multinucleated osteoclasts, as well as the ROS produced by osteoclasts. These findings are novel and may be important in the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".